Monday, February 27, 2006

Michael Goran named Atkins Chair in Childhood Obesity and Diabetes

This is an old news. But due to my research interest in diabetes, it is included.

Goran accepted the $2million chair, and will use the gift to "go a long way to relieving the epidemics of childhood obesity and diabetes. Childhood obesity has tremendous implications for our future, and change will have to come from great coalitions of people working together. This chair will help that happen. "

Gorareceiveve his BS and PhD from Univ of Manchester, UK, in 1982 and 1989 respectively. Following postdoctoral fellowship at UTMB Gavelston and Univ of Vermont, he was an assistant professor at Vermont, then Associate and full professor at UAB. He came to USC as full profesor in 1999. Three RO1 were awarded at least, with 1 undergoing.

His homepage is here and labpage is here.


USC news release.

Read more!

USC to build stem cell center

The University of Southern California has received a $25 million donation to build a stem cell research center from Philanthropists Eli and Edythe Broad. The facility was schedule to open in 2008, and will become the largest stem cell research center in California. Another 18 basic and clinical investigators will be recuited, in addition to new 18 members of the Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine.

For USC Med School news report.
Martin Pera became director of Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM) at USC.
USC Children's hospital Stem cell project.
Read more!

Friday, February 24, 2006

Intereseing sites

Citations of a paper would provide important information about its contribution to human knowledge, though its use should be of caution. Here, I recommend two sites of ISI (tm), Incites and ESI topics. The 2 sites feature interviews with highly-cited scholars, and an introduction to their paper. It provides good insights of these scientists in their specialty.

Incites focuses on overall citation of a paper/author , which shows the popularity of the paper and also its long-term significance. A brief discipline categorization was used.

ESI topics, as its name, is organizzed by topics, such as prostate cancer, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, etc.

Last piece of note, both sites are fairly easy to browse. You will enjoy it, as I do!
Read more!

Cell 124(4) Feb 2006

Current issue of CELL focuses on pathogen, host and immunity. No research articles were published in this issue.
  • Akira S, S Uematsu, O Takeuchi. (2006) Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity. Cell 124 (4): 783-801
  • Cowman AF, BS Crabb. (2006) Invasion of Red Blood Cells by Malaria Parasites. Cell 124 (4): 755-766
  • Fauci AS. (2006) Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases: Influenza as a Prototype of the Host-Pathogen Balancing Act. Cell 124 (4): 665-670
  • Greber UF, M Way. (2006) A Superhighway to Virus Infection. Cell 124 (4): 741-754
  • Heymann DL. (2006) Resistance to Anti-Infective Drugs and the Threat to Public Health. Cell 124 (4): 671-675
  • Karin M, T Lawrence, V Nizet. (2006) Innate Immunity Gone Awry: Linking Microbial Infections to Chronic Inflammation and Cancer. Cell 124 (4): 823-835
  • Ley RE, DA Peterson, JI Gordon. (2006) Ecological and Evolutionary Forces Shaping Microbial Diversity in the Human Intestine. Cell 124 (4): 837-848
  • Marsh M, A Helenius. (2006) Virus Entry: Open Sesame. Cell 124 (4): 729-740
  • Pizarro-Cerda J, P Cossart. (2006) Bacterial Adhesion and Entry into Host Cells. Cell 124 (4): 715-727
  • Pulendran B, R Ahmed. (2006) Translating Innate Immunity into Immunological Memory: Implications for Vaccine Development. Cell 124 (4): 849-863
  • Raskin DM, R Seshadri, SU Pukatzki, JJ Mekalanos. (2006) Bacterial Genomics and Pathogen Evolution. Cell 124 (4): 703-714

    Read more!
  • Thursday, February 23, 2006

    JCS 119(5) Mar 2006

    Content of JCS 119(5)
  • Park K-S, SH Jeon, S-E Kim, Y-Y Bahk, SL Holmen, BO Williams, K-C Chung, Y-J Surh, K-Y Choi. (2006) APC inhibits ERK pathway activation and cellular proliferation induced by RAS 10.1242/jcs.02779. J Cell Sci 119 (5): 819-827
    Knock-out data suggest APC inhibits ERK by acting on beta-catenin, with evidence that co-expression of APC reduces activation of Raf1, MEK and ERK kinases by {beta}-catenin. Also, APC over-expression decreases mutated RAS, another upstream regulator of ERK. Thus, APC may activate both RAS and beta-catenin in its regulation of cell processes.
  • Anitei M, M Ifrim, M-A Ewart, AE Cowan, JH Carson, R Bansal, SE Pfeiffer. (2006) A role for Sec8 in oligodendrocyte morphological differentiation 10.1242/jcs.02785. J Cell Sci 119 (5): 807-818
    Over-expression and knock-down data show excyst component Sec8 promotes oligodendrocyte morphological differentiation and myelin-like membrane formation. Sec 8 was also found to directly interact with the major myelin protein OSP/Claudin11 and CASK, which may implicate its role in the diff of oligodendrocyte.
  • Baudry A, Z-Z Yang, BA Hemmings. (2006) PKB{alpha} is required for adipose differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts 10.1242/jcs.02792. J Cell Sci 119 (5): 889-897
    Knock-out mouse model and restoration data suggest PKB(alpha) is essential for adipose differentiation. Kruppel-like transcription factor 15 may play an role in PKB alpha induced adipogenesis, while several related genes were also identified.
  • Goping IS, T Sawchuk, DA Underhill, RC Bleackley. (2006) Identification of {alpha}-tubulin as a granzyme B substrate during CTL-mediated apoptosis 10.1242/jcs.02791. J Cell Sci 119 (5): 858-865
    Granzyme B is critical in CTL-mediated apoptosis. Alpha-bubulin was identified as a novel substrate of granzyme B, by using proteomic approach and confirmed by mutation data.
  • Kottke MD, E Delva, AP Kowalczyk. (2006) The desmosome: cell science lessons from human diseases 10.1242/jcs.02888. J Cell Sci 119 (5): 797-806
  • Carteron C, A Ferrer-Montiel, H Cabedo. (2006) Characterization of a neural-specific splicing form of the human neuregulin 3 gene involved in oligodendrocyte survival 10.1242/jcs.02799. J Cell Sci 119 (5): 898-909
  • Chadborn NH, AI Ahmed, MR Holt, R Prinjha, GA Dunn, GE Jones, BJ Eickholt. (2006) PTEN couples Sema3A signalling to growth cone collapse 10.1242/jcs.02801. J Cell Sci 119 (5): 951-957
  • Chera S, R de Rosa, M Miljkovic-Licina, K Dobretz, L Ghila, K Kaloulis, B Galliot. (2006) Silencing of the hydra serine protease inhibitor Kazal1 gene mimics the human SPINK1 pancreatic phenotype 10.1242/jcs.02807. J Cell Sci 119 (5): 846-857
  • Read more!

    Tuesday, February 21, 2006

    Current Biology 16 (4)

  • Beiter K, F Wartha, B Albiger, S Normark, A Zychlinsky, B Henriques-Normark. (2006) An Endonuclease Allows Streptococcus pneumoniae to Escape from Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Current Biology 16 (4): 401-407
  • Buchanan JT, AJ Simpson, RK Aziz, GY Liu, SA Kristian, M Kotb, J Feramisco, V Nizet. (2006) DNase Expression Allows the Pathogen Group A Streptococcus to Escape Killing in Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Current Biology 16 (4): 396-400
    The concurrent findings would provide a good news for the recent pandemic of Group A Step Necrotizing Fasciitis in Colorado. Hopefully, it would really supply us a real target for invasive GAP infection, as authors hypothesized.
  • Dewing P, CWK Chiang, K Sinchak, H Sim, P-O Fernagut, S Kelly, M-F Chesselet, PE Micevych, KH Albrecht, VR Harley, E Vilain. (2006) Direct Regulation of Adult Brain Function by the Male-Specific Factor SRY. Current Biology 16 (4): 415-420
    The sexual dimorphism was joined by another player, SRY. Interestingly, no sexual hormone was invovled in this dimorphic brain function difference. Sry plays a solo, seemly.
  • Tassy O, F Daian, C Hudson, V Bertrand, P Lemaire. (2006) A Quantitative Approach to the Study of Cell Shapes and Interactions during Early Chordate Embryogenesis. Current Biology 16 (4): 345-358
    Thanks to the newly developed generic software, 3D Vitual Embryo, it becomes possible to characterize the development of embryo at a single cell level. As a result, they reported the variability of blastosmeres' shapes, novel asymmetrical cell division, and selective neural induction, for the first time.
  • Read more!

    Sunday, February 19, 2006

    Adam Rubenstein and His Blog

    I was delighted to receive a letter from Adam Rubenstein. He read my blog and was interested in blog-roll exchange.

    It was my pleasure visiting his website/blog and knowing him personally. The blog focuses on up-to-date info regarding new biotech or pharmaceutical companies, highlights pharmaceutical and biotech news and provides biomedical news in Colorado area, such as recent outbreak of Necrotizing Fasciitis. Several interesting sites were listed including Biotech BioBoom, IP, News and BioPeer. He has a good use Del.icio.us, a popular web sorting/tagging site. More to be discovered. In short, a good site for biomedical entrepreneur.

    Adam graduated from Syracuse University, a snowy place as UM, and received his MBA from Regis University. According to his blog, his mentor was Dr. Mike Klymkowsky at Univ of Colorado Boulder. Interestingly, Dr. Klymkowsky has collaboration with Jack Parent at UM! On Stem Cell! Apparently, Adam has strong interest in biology besides his business pursuit. He is working for Fitszmons Biobusiness Incubator(FBBI), an ideal organization in promoting local biotech/pharm business. In fact, such an organization or institution is badly needed for start-ups in my view. For pure biomedical scientists, it is rather difficult to find recourses for Venture Capital(VC), good advice, and infrastructure due to their limited business experience and networking. I'd like to see more companies to come up, as MBC Pharma Inc.
    Read more!

    Friday, February 17, 2006

    Curr Biol 16(3) Feb 7, 2006

  • Callaway E. Lawrence Katz (1956-2005). Current Biology 2006 2006/2/7, 16 (3): R75-R76
    In Memoriam - Lawrence C. Katz, Ph.D. - 1956-2005
    See also
    Duke Univeristy page
    HHMI
    Obituary
  • Greenstein D, LA Lee. Oocyte-to-Embryo Transition: Kinase Cabal Plots Regime Change. Current Biology 2006 2006/2/7, 16 (3): R93-R95
  • Hombria JC-G, S Sotillos. JAK/STAT Signalling: STAT Cannot Play with Ken and Barbie. Current Biology 2006 2006/2/7, 16 (3): R98-R100
  • Lam N, MA Chesney, J Kimble. Wnt Signaling and CEH-22/tinman/Nkx2.5 Specify a Stem Cell Niche in C. elegans. Current Biology 2006 2006/2/7, 16 (3): 287-295
  • Schubiger G. Gerold Schubiger. Current Biology 2006 2006/2/7, 16 (3): R72-R73
    Q&A interesting.
  • Read more!

    discuss NIH funding

    杠杆

    All you have talked about below is the general rules for writing a grant. However, the real question we need to ask now is how to cope with the NIH funding crisis. New PIs will have difficulty to obtain grants, and old PIs will face the risk of losing grants. What should you do to increase your chances to survive in the biomedical research career? First, you need to read the NIH roadmap carefully to find out what exactly the government wants the NIH to do with the limited amount of money. By the way, that stupid roadmap, although some people (in China) praise it as a reflection of the wisdom of the US scientific community, will lead the US science to the valley.

    (1). Translational research. Since 911, the government began to cut spending. NIH is inevitably one of the targets. The Congress complained that the NIH had not delivered products, for the past two decades, to improve public health. In response to the cry of the politicians, the NIH created the roadmap to focus on translational research. They have already revised the rules and criteria for xxxxuating research proposals, to include translational and clinic relevance. Every PI in our school has been advised to use phases and sentences on the first page to explicitly indicate the importance in clinical applications or impact on public health. We also need to emphasize these points in the Significance section of the grant.

    What are the strategies? First, put your Nobel questions aside and begin to work on disease-related problems. Choose the projects that look like you can develop a new therapeutic method, discover a new drug, or treat the disease in three years. For PhDs, you have to begin to collaborate with MDs, although you think they are dumb in research. The two letters-MD do have an impact on your grant applications.

    (2) Collaboration. The NIH has no money to support all the promising scientists, but they don’t want to kick them out of the research circle, either. So, they encourage PIs to work together so that one R01 can keep 2-3 labs for 4-5 years. They wish that when the spring comes, they would be able to feed all the PIs with enough fertilizer. They have decided, for the first time in the NIH history, to offer some multi-PI grants.

    Good luck everybody.

    Anyone wants to collaborate with me?
    -------------------------------------------
    NIH review board is better than AHA
    by 职业
    The key is well-written proposal. Then one should spend more time to socialize in the community and to publish more high-impact papers. A good mentor would promote your significantly.

    Say good things about people. For example, I've read your paper years ago, and was thinking of meeting with you. ...

    Another key is the topic/field. If it is not hot, it's going to be hard, no matter who writes the proposal.
    Read more!

    Tuesday, February 14, 2006

    How to get funded[zt]

    by KboringAs you all must read the President's 2007 budget proposal already, it is clear that federal funding is dropping in all areas except homeland security will continue the same trend until this government finishes its job. I am sure that most of you must be very busy in writing new grants or competitive renewal. However, do we have any tricks to share in addition to simply write more grants?

    Under explored funding resource?
    New programs?
    Study section atmosphere?
    How to write a "convincing" grant?
    Rebattal for grants?
    Hiring or laying off

    et al....

    plantcell wrote
    I believe it is time to help each others.

    In order to get grants> here are serveral suggestions:

    1. good sciences:
    2. grant-ship: discuss with PI's have a high successful rate to get grants, grant reviewer's , etc.
    3. Estabilish personal network: attending conferences, communicating with the leaders in your field, inviting them to your institutes, etc.

    送交者: yipin 2006年2月14日14:42:42 于 [教育与学术]http://www.bbsland.com

    I have shared this story with many friends. My postdoc. advisor was a very famous guy. One of his glorious records was that all his grant proposals were fully funded since he was a postdoc.

    Caltech "bought" him from MIT with multi-million lab funding and equipped him with a very experienced secretary. One early morning I walked into the lab, the secretary was so excited: "...You know what, I have been on this job for more than 20 years and typed many grant proposals. For the first time I know what you researchers are doing! I typed this proposal this morning and I understood every part of it!"

    I thought that was one reason why he was so successful in getting grants. His proposals always use short sentences and simple words, and express ideas in the most.

    送交者: kboring 2006年2月14日12:31:59

    In my own experience, current study sections are very resistant to give the funding to new investigators. In fact, three NIH study sections, which are under my radar screen, have 0-5% funding rate for them, while average payline is still more than 10%! I don't know how those guys could even survive.

    In a small group discussion, I heard such comments: Well, it is tough time, so why don't we kill them now and they will be killed later anyhow.

    Slk wrote
    Networking is absolutely first priority, but it takes time to build up. As a young faculty, what can you do in the grant?

    1, Preliminary data. Critical. If you dont have enough evidence to demonstrate the feasibility of your proposal, who is going to believe it?
    2, Paper. How could you demonstrate your productivity, independence, and matched background for the grant?
    3, Previous funding. You need funding to get your senior authorship, and qualified credential.
    4, Good writing. No one will pay (deserved) attention to a bad-written proposal. Keep in mind, you will get hundreds of thousands dollars just for those fewer than 100 pieces paper. Why not pay more attention to the detail?
    Read more!

    Monday, February 13, 2006

    How to find a more suitable faculty job[zt]

    As I mentioned previously, a problem for Chinese faculties is lack of marketing. As a result, these faculties, even those who are doing very well in their fields, stay in the same institution for a long time, if not life time. It is not necessarily bad to stay in the same place, as long as you are happy. However, I don't think that you will find everything goes the way you want in a place. For example, you are doing well by getting a lot of grants. As a consequence, you will need more space; you will need less teaching load et al. However, when you bring these issues to your Chair, he or she may not have resources for you, either he or she does not really have them or he or she has other priorities. Now you suffer from your success! I also find that many faculties, who stay in one place for too long, do not really know what their values are. In a broad sense, they also suffer in a different way. We all want to do better in what we chose to do. Sometimes, these issues could bring you uncomfortable feeling or even anger. All these problems, however, could be easily solved by simply showing your market value.

    There are various ways to market yourself. When you become reasonably well-known in your area, you will be invited to give talks, including speeches in meetings, seminars or lectures in extramural institutions. This is an excellent opportunity for marketing yourself. I find that the invitations to give seminars in other schools are the best opportunities because you can have one-to-one opportunity to talk with your colleagues. In addition to knowing their sciences, you will also know them as a person. When you are doing well, you will also need to be open-mined to collaborate with others. You will make a lot of friends by doing this, share the joys of discovery, and they will obviously remember you. In these occasions, you can openly discuss with your colleagues your problems, your space issue, your teaching load, even your anger on your chair, et al. In my own experience, this is the best way to let others knowing you and deliver a message “I am available” rather than looking for advertisement in the back of Nature or Science and sending your letters. If you seriously consider leaving, you can discuss with your colleagues about how bad your chair is, how stressful you are in current place, how bad the weather is in your city, how much your wife or husband dislike the environment et al. Remember, we are all humans and you and your colleagues have a lot experiences to share, either good or bad. I have found that human beings, does not matter where they come from, share amazing similarities in interests, especially those in similar age.

    This is also the best time to know the place you visit. They will obviously tell you all about their campuses, systems, people et al. I like to emphasize here that you should not discriminate your colleagues based on their locations (famous vs. infamous places), achievement, et al. Remember, people changes all the time, just like you. I got to know a colleague when I visited him in the University of Texas at Houston and started to know more of him later due to a small collaborative project. The project did not go anywhere and communication stopped too. A couple years later, he took a Chair job at Yale and offered me a position in the first week of his arrival! I did make a trip but thing did not work out eventually. Nevertheless, Now you will have the first hand inxxxxation about other universities, their locations, their problems, good and bad things et al. These are much more real and valuable inxxxxation than those you can see from a book!

    Everybody has their preferences for a job and life. You may want a good scientific environment, better salary, specific equipments you can access, good weather, fun for kids et al. How do you know a place you will be happy and fit? You will need to do your ground work. When you get invited to give a talk, you are paid to do your groundwork! What a great thing! Remember, a suitable place for you is relative. There is always something you like and dislike in a given place. The key is to find a place you are happy with most of things. Such a place could only be found by comparison among different places. I heard many Chinese faculties told me that they are too busy on science, when they decided to leave; they interviewed many places and it made them tired. Well, I can see you do have problems. You did not do your ground work well. If you did your groundwork, when you decide to leave, you may get a couple of offers but you will only focus on very few places to interview because you already know that you don’t want to go some places during your groundwork. In my own experience, when you get invitation for a job interview, you will be much better off if you do have a colleague you know reasonably well. He or she will tell you a lot of sensitive issues which others will not tell you. For example, you don’t know how to tell your Chairman how much salary you deserve because you don’t know salary structure in that place. The person you know in that university will tell you that. As you all probably know, when you stay in a place for long enough, you will know your colleagues’ salary figures through different ways, such as writing grant together, gossips among secretaries et al. In a best situation, you don’t even have to bargain your salary, your friend will do it for you and this will avoid some potentially embarrassing situation and there will not anger involved.

    Let’s say that now you are very happy with your job and you think that this is the best job in the world for you. However, you may have some issues coming up during your job. You will need some extra twists from your department chair. If you are showing that you are on the market with a good value, he or she may create resources for or turn priority to you. As a Chairman, he or she will need to think this way: If I don’t give this guy these things, the risk is that I will lose this person. Should I take this risk? See, you get the priority in their mind already. Of course, thing you are asking has to be reasonable and you also want to also make sure that he or she could handle your request. In fact, if you ask a very unreasonable deal, you give Chairman a clear signal that you are leaving.

    Regarding recommendation letters, that is a small issue. In many cases, you don’t need recommendation letters to do all these I have said. If you have colleagues working for you, you can get a job offer in oral or in written xxxx without any recommendation letters (I did!). You will need recommendation letters only the promotion committee is going to officially appoint you. In this case, you are guaranteed by your colleagues. You will be amazed how the system works with a trust on you. For negotiation of a good deal with your Chair when you don’t want to leave, an oral offer is more than sufficient.

    I apologize for such long message and I don’t have time to polish my essay but I hope you will find something useful.
    =======================================
    Comments
    1) Treat your university/department as your own bussiness
    2) doubly pay back what you get
    3) maintain the highest degree of integrity and honesty
    4) maintian positive attitudes and avoid negative people
    5) always consider what other want and how you can meet their wants creatively
    6) Move from independence to interdependnce
    7) Be a light, not a judge; be a model, not a critic; be part of a solution, not part of a problem.

    Also
    4) maintian positive attitudes and be friendly with negative people
    or at least treat them with your smile.
    5) develop interdependence but maintain your independence.
    Read more!

    Friday, February 03, 2006

    Journal Club 1-4


    • Shackleton M, F Vaillant, KJ Simpson, J Stingl, GK Smyth, ML Asselin-Labat, L Wu, GJ Lindeman, JE Visvader. Generation of a functional mammary gland from a single stem cell. Nature 2006 Jan 5, 439 (7072): 84-8
      Enriched mammary repopulation unit (MRU) was found in CD24+CD29hiLin- (CD45-,Ter119-,CD31-), where CD29 is integrin Beta1. CD49, aka integrin alpha-6, population was enriched in those population. Interestingly, Clarke group used CD24-/lo CD44+ as markers for human MaSC, that was verified by serial xenograft experiments. It was also a surpise that CD24+CD29hiLin- cells are not side population, nor Sca1+, though Wicha group identified human MaSC by using side population. Transplant data show the repopulation/differentiation potential of those cells.
      Only few CD24+CD49hiLin- cells were not found expression of Keratin 18 or Keratin 14. In vitro metrigal experiment further confirmed increased progenitor capaticty of those cells.
      With a refined protocol of double sorting, viability confirmation, outgrowth rate incresed from 1/590 to 1/64. LacZ labeled single cell transplantation data show those cells are able to repopulate mammary fat pad (MFP) without supporting cells at rate of 8 outgrowths out of 68. The authors argue it would be unlikely outgrowth was derived from multiple progenitor cells. However, it would need barcode system, that individually label each cell. Further mixing experiment data demonstrate about total 70 cells of mixed LacZ and WT mice could repopulate MFP at a rate of 97/112, in which 95 out 97 of the MFP were from either WT or LacZ. The tertiary transplant data suggest selfrenewal of those cells. Interestingly, tranplanted MFP has higher percentage of CD24+CD49hi population.
      In the mice prone to tumor development, CD24+CD49hiLin- subpopulation was found expanded in MMTV-Wnt premalignant tissue, but not in MMTV-neu mice that develp luminal epithelial tumor.
    • Stingl J, P Eirew, I Ricketson, M Shackleton, F Vaillant, D Choi, HI Li, CJ Eaves. Purification and unique properties of mammary epithelial stem cells. Nature 2006 Jan 4,
      Mixing experiment with CFP and GFP mice shows single progenitor/stem cell is able to generate MFP, that was further cofirmed by Serial diluation data with 75 cells to 20 cells transplantation. CD49f instead of CD29 was used as marker, while the Lin- and CD24+ were shared with previous report. CD24highCD49flow (Ma-CFC-enriched), CD24medCD49fhigh (MRU-enriched), CD24lowCD49flow (MYO) were identified as subpopulations of special lineage potential. Dye efflux and cell cyle properties were elucidated in those cels.
    • Al-Hajj M, MS Wicha, A Benito-Hernandez, SJ Morrison, MF Clarke. Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003 Apr 1, 100 (7): 3983-8
    • Dontu G, WM Abdallah, JM Foley, KW Jackson, MF Clarke, MJ Kawamura, MS Wicha. In vitro propagation and transcriptional profiling of human mammary stem/progenitor cells. Genes Dev 2003 May 15, 17 (10): 1253-70



    Read more!

    Thursday, February 02, 2006

    Genes Dev 20 (3) Feb 2, 2006

    Genes Dev 20 (3) Feb 2, 2006

    • Abaza I, O Coll, S Patalano, F Gebauer. Drosophila UNR is required for translational repression of male-specific lethal 2 mRNA during regulation of X-chromosome dosage compensation
      10.1101/gad.1363206.
      Genes Dev. 2006, 20 (3): 380-389
    • Duncan K, M Grskovic, C Strein, K Beckmann, R Niggeweg, I Abaza, F Gebauer, M Wilm, MW Hentze. Sex-lethal imparts a sex-specific function to UNR by recruiting it to the msl-2 mRNA 3' UTR: translational repression for dosage compensation
      10.1101/gad.1363206.
      Genes Dev. 2006, 20 (3): 368-379
    • Huntzicker EG, IS Estay, H Zhen, LA Lokteva, PK Jackson, AE Oro. Dual degradation signals control Gli protein stability and tumor formation
      10.1101/gad.1363206.
      Genes Dev. 2006, 20 (3): 276-281
      By Anthony E. Oro group at Stanford. They showed early onset basal cell carcinoma in Keratin 5 promotor driven Gli1 and Gli2 transgenic mice. Then they rule out Gli1 degradation is mediated by lysosomal degradation by using E64 and chloroquine, therefore ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) was proposed. They also show DSGVEM motif (Gli1DC) mediates Gli1 degradation through bTrCP-ubiquitin ligase complex and degron DN mediates a unique Sufu- and degron DC-independent pathway. Further genetic data show removal of two destruction signals rapidly accelerates tumor induction.
    • Jain S, M Encinas, EM Johnson, Jr., J Milbrandt. Critical and distinct roles for key RET tyrosine docking sites in renal development
      10.1101/gad.1363206.
      Genes Dev. 2006, 20 (3): 321-333
    • Levine AJ, Z Feng, TW Mak, H You, S Jin. Coordination and communication between the p53 and IGF-1-AKT-TOR signal transduction pathways
      10.1101/gad.1363206.
      Genes Dev. 2006, 20 (3): 267-275
      REVIEW. p53 IGF, AKT, and TOR are important in many cell procesess, including cell proliferation, differentiation, DNA repair.
    • Savitsky M, D Kwon, P Georgiev, A Kalmykova, V Gvozdev. Telomere elongation is under the control of the RNAi-based mechanism in the Drosophila germline
      10.1101/gad.1363206.
      Genes Dev. 2006, 20 (3): 345-354
      1-6


    Read more!